Protecting the Baltic Sea starts with good data. For the first time, information on habitats, species, human pressures, and Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) is being gathered into a single, regional knowledge base.
This is no small feat—countries collect data in different ways, which makes comparison and integration a challenge. Work Package 2 (WP2) is tackling this by compiling, cleaning, and harmonizing information from across the region.
This work is led by Kimmo Koivumäki, GIS Data Specialist at HELCOM Secretariat, with work on collecting data from MPAs and management plans coordinated by Estefania Cortez, Project Manager and Legal Expert from Coalition Clean Baltic.
Other partners involved: BfN, SYKE, SLU, UTARTU & VSTT.
At the heart of this effort is the development of a solid data management plan and a series of regional data calls.
These allow information to flow in from national authorities, official management plans, and open databases such as ICES and EMODnet.
Alongside this, WP2 gathers additional details on species, habitats, human activities, and pressures to create as complete a picture as possible. And the team also carries out gap analyses—identifying what still needs to be collected.
One of the most significant strands of work involves collating information on how MPAs are managed in practice. It draws on official management plans and legislative instruments, while also capturing data beyond those plans to reflect the true complexity of protection.
The result is a detailed record of conservation objectives, monitoring efforts, management measures, and the pressures—such as overfishing, shipping, or climate change—that these areas face.
So far, information has been collected on more than 2,600 MPAs across the Baltic, and with new inputs still coming in from several countries, that number will continue to grow. Information from Latvia is soon to be collated.
As the work progresses, a number of challenges have surfaced.
Deadlines have not always been strictly followed, in part due to ongoing crucial projects in Finland and shifts in institutional responsibilities in Lithuania and Denmark, where new key contacts have only recently been established.
The timeline for the work has stretched with the arrival of new information—often not yet integrated into the harvesting process or showing overlaps—and this has added further complexity. A central difficulty has been the lack of standardized data across countries, which has created a considerable amount of harmonization work, but this has also highlighted an area where the project can play a constructive role by identifying these inconsistencies early.
The project now has the chance to explore in detail what officially constitutes a “Marine Protected Area” in each Contracting Party. For Finland, this remains limited to HELCOM MPAs; in Sweden, different legislative frameworks lead to multiple types; while in Denmark, the definition depends on sector-based management.
The second data call will not only strengthen the regional dataset but also directly feed into the work of Work Package 7, supporting the development of robust country profiles.
The next steps are finalizing data calls and preparing the information for the biodiversity database, country profiles, and the upcoming MPA Portal in Work Package 8.
Once verified and harmonized, these shared datasets will guide decision-making, highlight good practices, and help managers across the region work together for a healthier Baltic Sea.

Coming in August 2027

Coming in August 2027

Coming in May 2028

Coming in February 2028

